EVAPORATION / CONCENTRATION
Separation & Concentration
Evaporation / Concentration
PrerequisiteAlso: vacuum evaporation · falling-film evaporator · reduction
Removing water by boiling under vacuum or atmospheric pressure to concentrate solids — juice concentrate, condensed milk, tomato paste.
Typical Hazards
- BBiologicalPathogen amplification in warm concentrate; thermophile growth
- CChemicalHeat-transfer-fluid migration
- PPhysicalTube / plate fragments
Typical Controls
- Temperature and residence time control
- Brix or total-solids check
- Holding-time limit on warm concentrate
Regulatory Citations
1 cross-references across 1 documents
21 CFR Part 117